A bone mineral density test (BMD) is also referred to as bone densitometry.  It is used to evaluate the density of bone.  More specifically to measure the amount of calcium in the bone which is a good predictor for the risk for fracture.  BMD measurements also serve as a quantitative method of evaluating the effects of disorders that result in bone mineral (calcium) loss.  The findings can lead to lifestyle changes and specialized therapeutic intervention. The test is simple, safe and cost efficient.  The BMD test is not recommended for all people although it should be considered when:

• A women is over 65 years of age
• There is a strong family history of osteoporoses
• There is a history of spontaneous fracture
• There is a history of recurrent fractures
• There has been chronic use of steroids
• There is a personal history of hyperthyroidism, liver disease, kidney disease, diabetes or rheumatoid arthritis
• An X-ray reveals thinning of the bone (osteoporosis) or low bone mass (ostetopenia)

It is important to detect abnormal BMD early so that intervention can help reduce the risk for progression and reduce the risk for future complications.  This method does not require any special patient preparation.  The test lasts only a few minutes.  The study is usually performed on the low back or the hip.  Both areas provide a good indication of overall BMD.  Quantitative Computed Tomography (QCT) can also be used to measure bone density, although this procedure is not as widely available as the DEXA approach.